MEETING 14

December 1, 2021

Hello guys

➢ Discusses Plans and suggestions.

English uses modal verbs to make suggestions, and indirect questions or the passive voice to politely request information or point out a mistake.

• NEGOTIATION AND SUGGESTIONS. (Key Language 41.1)

One way of making language for negotiation more polite and indirect is to use modal verbs or the past continuous.

• INDIRECT QUESTIONS.

Indirect questions start with a polite opening phrase. Unlike with direct questions, the verb sits after the subject in indirect questions.

• THE PASSIVE VOICE .

In formal or written negotiations or complaints, you can use the passive voice to be polite and avoid sounding too critical.

➢ Discusses Emphasizing your opinion.

There are many English phrases for politely emphasizing your point of view. These are useful when you are dealing with disagreement in the workplace.

• DISCOURSE MARKERS FOR EMPHASIS.

There are a variety of words and phrases that you can use to make your position more emphatic without being rude.

➢ Discusses Discussing conditions.

English often uses the first and second conditionals for negotiating with clients and co-workers, and the zero conditional to talk about general truths.

• THE SECOND CONDITIONAL. 

The second conditional can be used to discuss contract details. It describes the result of a possible {but uncertain or unlikely) action.

• ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONALS.

The zero conditional- Use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true. The present simple describes the action and the result.

The first conditional- The first conditional uses the present simple and the future with "will" to talk about the likely results of things that might happen. 

• ZERO, FIRST, AND SECOND CONDITIONALS OVERVIEW. 

Zero conditional use the zero conditional to talk about general truths and things that always happen.

First conditional use the first conditional to talk about things that are likely to happen.

Second conditional use the second conditional to talk about things that are unlikely to happen, but are still possible.

➢ Discusses Discussing problems.

English uses the third conditional to talk about an unreal past, or events that did not happen. This is useful for talking about workplace mistakes.

• THE THIRD CONDITIONAL. 

In third conditional sentences, the past perfect describes something that did not happen, and the "would" clause describes the unreal result.

• FIRST CONDITIONAL WITH "UNLESS”.

You can use "unless" instead of "if... not" in first conditional sentences. In sentences with "unless," the result only happens if the action does not take place.

MEETING 13

December 1, 2021

Hallo guys

➢ Discusses Vocabulary 

• OFFICE AND PRESENTATION EQUIPMENT and PRESENTING DATA.

➢ Discusses Structuring a presentation.

When you are presenting to an audience, it is important to structure your talk in a way that is clear and easy to understand. Certain set phrases can help you do this.

• SIGNPOSTING LANGUAGE. 

You can signal (or "signpost") what you are going to talk about with particular phrases. Using these lets your audience know what to expect.

➢ Discusses Developing an argument.

When you are giving a presentation, there are several key phrases you can use to develop your argument, and make your audience aware of what is coming.

• GENERALIZING, MAKING EXCEPTIONS, AND FOCUSING. 

If you have specific figures, it may be useful to give them. However, you may need to use more general terms if you do not have the figures or you want to avoid repetition.

• GIVING EXAMPLES. 

When you have focused your argument, you may want to give examples to explain your point.

• COUNTERING THE GENERAL OPINION. 

To counter something that has been stated as, or is understood as, the general opinion there are a number of set phrases you can use.

➢ Discusses Pitching a product.

When describing a product to a potential client, it is useful to compare the product with competitors using comparative and superlative adjectives.

• COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES. 

Regular comparative adjectives are formed by adding "-er" to the adjective. Regular superlatives are formed by adding "the" before and "-est" after the adjective. For some two-syllable adjectives, and all adjectives with more than two syllables, add "more" before the adjective to make the comparative, and "the most" to make the superlative.

➢ Discusses Talking about facts and figures.

When you are making a presentation or writing a report, it is important to describe changes and trends with precise language that sounds natural.

• DESCRIBING TRENDS WITH COLLOCATIONS. 

You can use a verb modified with an adverb to describe the speed or size of a change. Some of these pairings are collocations that sound "right" to fluent speakers

MEETING 12

December 1, 2021

Meeting 12th

November 30, 2021

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

Hallo guys

➢ Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the types of words, namely nouns, adjectives, and verbs where the word is used in language use. When you find words that you don't understand, it indicates that your vocabulary is lacking.

• INDUSTRIES

Education, construction, entertainment, hospitality, mining, recycling, healthcare, agriculture/arming, fashion, journalism, petroleum, shipping, catering/food, energy, finance, manufacturing, pharmaceutical, tourism, chemical, electronics, fishing, advertising, real estate (US)/property (UK), transportation.

• PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES

Accurate, confident, efficient, honest, organized, punctual, adaptable, creative, energetic, independent, patient, reliable, ambitious, customer-focused, flexible, innovative, practical, responsible, calm, determined, hardworking, motivated, professional, team player.

➢ Job Descriptions

English uses "a" or "an" in descriptions of jobs and to introduce new information. The zero article refers to general things, and "the" refers to specific things.

• KEY LANGUAGE "N AND "AN"

Use "a" or "an" to introduce new information. Use "the" when the reader or listener already knows what you are talking about. Example: I applied for a job last week as an engineer. The application form was really long.

• CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE

Example:

- The salary for this job is really good. 

- The deadline for applications is Friday.

- This job is based in the Berlin office.

• KEY LANGUAGE ZERO AND DEFINITE ARTICLES (PLURALS)

With plurals, English uses no article (zero article) to talk about things in general. Use "the" (definite article) to talk about specific things.

Example:

- Catering (General) jobs are very well paid at the moment. 

- The (Specific) catering jobs at this cafe are really well paid.

• FURTHER EXAMPLES ZERO AND DEFINITE ARTICLES (PLURALS)

Example:

- Accountants have to work very hard. The accountants at my office work long hours. 

- Managers don't always listen to their staff. The managers here can't run a team. 

- Noriko loves giving presentations. The presentations she gave last week were great.

• MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT

Example:

- Most doctors have to work long hours. They are very dedicated people. 

- The jobs I'm really interested in are based in Los Angeles. They're in IT.

- The people who interviewed me for the job were really nice. They were the managers.

• KEY LANGUAGE MORE USES OF THE ZERO ARTICLE

Use the zero article to talk about company names, place names (including most countries and continents), and languages.

- Apollo AV is looking to recruit an International Marketing Manager. 

- The successful candidate must speak excellent French and Italian. 

- The role involves travel to France and all over Europe.

• KEY LANGUAGE MORE USES OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

Use "the" to talk about specific roles and departments within a company, and for international organizations.

- I applied for ajob in the finance department at your company. 

- I have an interview with the Head of HR and the CEO. 

- The United Nations is recruiting a scientific researcher.

• REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

Example:

- She works in design department (She works the design department). 

- I often travel to the Hong Kong on business (I often travel to Hong Kong on business).

- The Zenith Accounting has three job openings (Zenith Accounting has three job openings).

• CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD

Example:

- Your meeting is with the HD manager. 

- We're recruiting more staff in France. 

- I'm looking for a job as an education consultant.

➢ Applying for a job

Cover letters for job applications should sound fluent and confident. Using the correct prepositions after verbs, nouns, and adjectives can help you achieve this.

• KEY LANGUAGE DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS

Some English words cannot be used on their own. They need to be followed by specific "dependent" prepositions. Example: I am writing to apply for the position of Senior Police Officer (for = "Apply" cannot be paired with any other preposition in this context).

• FURTHER EXAMPLES DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS

Example:

- I graduated from college in June 2015. 

- At college, I focused on mechanical engineering. 

- He is highly trained in all aspects of catering. 

- As Deputy Director, I reported to the CEO.

• CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE

Example:

- In our department, we focus on sales and marketing. 

- Katrina graduated from college with a degree in Biological Sciences. 

- Our technicians are fully trained in all aspects of health and safety.

• READ THE COVER LETTER AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Example:

- Sasha heard about the job on the radio (false). 

- Sasha is currently a senior travel executive (not given). 

- She would like to learn new skills (true).

• MATCH THE PHRASES THAT MEAN THE SAME 

Example:

- to have a job in a particular industry (to work in). 

- to look after something (to be responsible for something). 

- to be excited about a future event (to look forward to something).

• FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION

Example:

- When can I expect to hear (from) you about the job?. 

- Unfortunately, there has been a rise (in) complaints from customers. 

- I work (for) the CEO of a big IT company. I'm her assistant.

➢ Job interview

In a job interview, it is important to describe your achievements in a specific and detailed way. You can use relative clauses to do this.

• KEY LANGUAGE DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining relative clauses give essential information that helps to identify a person or thing. Here, the defining relative clause gives essential information about a thing.

Here, the defining relative clause gives essential information about people.

The defining relative clause can also go in the middle of the main clause.

• REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

Example:

- In my current job which I have been in for three years I often give presentations (In my current job, which I heve been in for three years, I often give presentations). 

- I have completed all the training, who means you wouldn't need to train me (I have completed all the training, which means you wouldn't need to train me).

➢ Vocabulary

• BUSINESS IDIOMS

Example:

- Our company is always ahead of the game in the latest technology. To be ahead of the game [to be ahead of your competitors in a certain field]. 

- I just want to check that we are all on the same page. To be on the same page [to be in agreement about something].

➢ Working relationships

Phrasal verbs are commonly used to talk about relationships with co-workers and clients. It is important to use the correct word order with phrasal verbs.

• KEY LANGUAGE THREE-WORD PHRASAL VERBS

Three-word phrasal verbs consist of a verb and two particles. The particles usually change the meaning of the verb. Example: It's important to get along with clients.

• KEY LANGUAGE SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS WITH PRONOUNS

Some phrasal verbs are separable, which means the particle does not have to sit immediately after the verb. If the object of the sentence with a separable phrasal verb is a pronoun, it must go between the verb and the particle.

➢ Career outcomes

To talk about possible future events, such as career development and promotion, use "will," "might," and "won't" to say how likely something is to happen.

• KEY LANGUAGE "WILL” AND "MIGHT"

Use "will" when something is certain or very likely to happen. Use "might" for things that are possible. 

Example:

- Martina will add a great deal to the team. 

- We might need to recruit more staff.

• MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT

Example:

- Pam has more than 10 years' experience and she will lead our sales department. 

- We can't hire any staff at the moment, so you might not get an assistant until May.

• KEY LANGUAGE "DEFINITELY" AND "PROBABLY"

Use "definitely" with "will" and "won't" to talk about things that are certain , and "probably" for things that are like.

MEETING 11

December 1, 2021

Hallo

➢ Reporting Quantities

In presentations and reports, you may need to talk about how much of something there is. The words you can use to do this depend on the thing you are describing. New language "Few," "little,'' and "all", Vocabulary Meetings, New skill Talking about quantity. 

• KEY LANGUAGE "FEW" FOR SMALL NUMBERS 

"Few" is used with plural countable nouns to say that there are not many of something.
It emphasizes how small the number is. Few = not many, there have been few new customers this quarter. "Few" can also be used as pronoun to mean "not many". So few are willing to spend money for the deluxe range. "A few" is used with countable nouns to mean "some." It emphasizes that the number, though small, is enough. A few = some, I have a few suggestions for how to improve sales. "Very" can be used to stress that the number of something is even smaller. We have very few items left in stock.

• MARK THE SENTENCES THAT ARE CORRECT

Example :

- You'll be glad to hear that we still have a few options available to us this year.

- We'll have to reduce the price. Very few customers have bought our new jeans. 

- So few people pay by check these days that we no longer accept this form of payment. 

- Unfortunately, we've had few inquiries about our new spa treatments.

• KEY LANGUAGE "LITTLE" FOR SMALL AMOUNTS

"Little" is used with uncountable nouns to say that there is not much of something in UK English. It emphasizes how small the amount is. Little = not much, I have little doubt that next year will be challenging. "Little" can also be used as a pronoun to mean "not much". Very little can be done to improve the short-term performance. "A little" is used with uncountable nouns to mean "some." It emphasizes that the amount, though small, is enough. A little = some, the summer should offer a little boost to sales. Informally, "a (little) bit of" can be used instead of "a little". There's a little bit of time left to discuss our options.

• CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORD IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD

Example:

- I'm afraid that there are few options left for us to explore. 

- Unfortunately, there is little chance of us winning this contract.

- I have a few ideas that I really think could improve our brand image.

- There is still a little time left before we need to submit the report.

- Kelvin has little understanding of accountancy.

- So few people have bought this TV that we’re going to stop production.

• KEY LANGUAGE "ALL” AS A PRONOUN

"All" can sometimes be used as a pronoun to mean either "everything" or "the only thing". All =everything, I hope all goes well in the presentation. All = the only thing, all we can do is hope that they like the product.

• REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER

Example:

- about-told-all-you-know-have-it.-I (I have told you all I know about it).

- do-can-is-your-mistake.-apologize-All-for-you (All you can do is apologize for your mistake).

- expect-I-is-tasks.-to-All-complete-for-staff-their (All I expect is for staff to complete their tasks).

• MATCH THE PAIRS OF SENTENCES THAT MEAN THE SAME THING

Example:

- There's little money left in the budget (We don't have much money).

- All we need is a photo of the product (The only thing we need is a photo).

- There's a little bit of money left (We have some money).

• LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

A sales executive is reporting to his manager about the results from

the last quarter.

Example:

- There are very few dog toys left (true). 

- The Woof Doggy toy is a new product (not given).

- It'll be easy to get the supplier to deliver more toys (false).

➢ Checking Information

Sometimes you may need to clarify whether you have understood a point. There are a number of ways to politely check information in conversation.

• KEY LANGUAGE SUBJECT QUESTIONS

In English, most questions ask about the person or thing receiving that action (the object). If you want to find out or confirm who or what did an action,you can use subject questions. Who took the minutes? (Question doesn't use "did"). Miranda took the minutes (The answer is the subject of the question).

• FURTHER EXAMPLES SUBJECT QUESTIONS

Example:

- What is on the agenda? The new project is on the agenda.

- Who is going to the conference? We are all going to the conference!

• HOW TO FORM SUBJECT QUESTIONS

"Who" (for people} and "what" (for things) are the most common pronouns used in subject questions. Subject = Who, Verb = took (There is no inversion of word order in subject questions), Object = the minutes?.

• REWRITE THE QUESTIONS, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER

Example:

- the-is-problem?-What (What is the problem?).

- manager-Who-the-is (Who is the manager?).

- the-What's-in-report? (What's in the report?).

• MARK THE BEST QUESTION FOR EACH SITUATION

Example:

- Who called the bank? Joe called the bank.

- What are our most popular products? Denim jeans are our most popular product.

- Do you need to book the meeting? Yes, I do.

• KEY LANGUAGE QUESTION TAGS

Another way to check information is by using question tags. The simplest question tags use the verb "be" with a pronoun matching the subject of the sentence.

For most verbs other than "be", a present simple statement is followed by a question tag with "do" or "does".

A past simple statement is followed by a question tag with "did".

A statement with an auxiliary verb is followed by a question tag with the same auxiliary.

Statements with modal verbs such as "could", "would", and "should " are followed by question tags with the same modal.

• HOW TO FORM QUESTION TAGS

A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag, and a negative statement is followed by a positive question tag. Positive Statement = I'm late (I'm = Verb is positive), Negative Question Tag = aren't I? (aren't Question tag uses negative form of verb), Negative Statement = I'm not late (I'm Verb is ngative), Positif Question Tag = am I? (Question tag uses negative form of verb).

• MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT QUESTION TAGS

Example:

- I'm invited to the meeting, (aren't I?).

- You haven't read my proposal, (couldn't he?).

- Sean could give the presentation, (didn't she?).

• FILL IN THE GAPS USING THE CORRECT QUESTION TAGS

Example:

- You haven't sent the report yet, (have you)?. 

- Alice would know the answer, (wouldn't she)?.

- I'm not dressed formally enough, (am I)?.

• VOCABULARY POLITE CHECKS AND ECHO QUESTIONS

There are also certain set phrases you can use to politely check information.

You can also repeat the important word or phrase you want to check, or echo part or all of the sentence with a question word or phrase at the end.

• LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

A sales assistant is calling her manager to check a few details and confirm information.

Example:

- Discounts are offered to long-term customers (not given).

- If a customer buys 1,000 units, they get 15% off (false).

- They already work with companies in Asia (true).

• CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD

Example:

- What was the name of the company? I didn't hear. 

- Who s working on the project for the new office?. 

- You identified the mistake, didn't you?.

MEETING 10

December 1, 2021

Halloooo

In this meeting, we will discuss about

- Meetings Vocabulary

- What people said

- What people asked

In this Vocabulary Meeting there is an example:

· to send a plan for what wil l be discussed

Lee, could you send out the agenda for Friday's meeting, please?

· to be not present

Yolanda is sick, so she will be absent from the meeting today.

· to present information to a group of people

Francesca will give a presentation on health and safety.

· to come to an agreement about an issue

If we can't reach a consensus, we will have a vote.

· to have no more time left to do something

We will have another meeting next week because we have run out of time.

· to take minutes

We need someone to take minutes during the meeting.

· Attendees

Please can you send the minutes to all attendees after the meeting?

· to discuss

Let's discuss the options for the new logo.

➢ What people said

    When telling co-workers what someone else said, you can take what they said (direct speech) and rephrase it accurately and clearly. This is called reported speech. The main verb in reported speech is usually "said." The reported verb is usually in a different tense from the direct speech.

• REPORTED SPEECH AND THE PAST SIMPLE

The past simple in direct speech can either stay as the past simple or change to the past perfect in reported speech. The meaning is the same.

• TIME AND PLACE REFERENCES 

If speech is reported some time after it was said, words used to talk about times and places may need to change.

• OTHER CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH 

In reported speech, pronouns may also need to be changed to ensure they refer to the correct person or thing.

• "TELL" IN REPORTED SPEECH 

In reported speech, "tell" can also be used as the main verb. It must be followed by an object, which shows who someone is talking to.

• REPORTING VERBS WITH "THAT". 

"Say" and "tell" do not give any information about the speaker's manner. They can be replaced with other verbs that suggest the speaker's mood or reason for speaking.

➢ What people asked

You can use reported questions to tell someone what someone else has asked. Direct questions and reported questions have different word orders.

Direct open questions are reported by swapping the order of the subject and the verb, and changing the tense of the verb

• REPORTED CLOSED QUESTIONS 

If the answer to a question is "yes" or "no", "if" or "whether" is used to report the question.

MEETING 9

December 1, 2021

Helloooo

➢ At this meeting we discuss about

In team discussions, discourse markers can smooth the flow of conversations that can help connect similar or contrasting ideas, or link actions to outcomes.

➢ Comparing dan contrasting

Comparing is more about the similarities between one and the other. While contrasting always discusses the differences between one another.

This section contains various sections including:

a. EXPRESSING SIMILAR IDEAS

b. EXPRESSING CONTRASTING IDEAS

c. TALKING ABOUT RESULTS

➢ Planning Events

Many English verbs that are used to give opinions or talk about plans, intentions, and arrangements are followed by a gerund or an infinitive.

• VERBS AND GERUNDS I INFINITIVES

Gerunds and Infinitives have the same function, that is, they both occupy verbs. However, they both have different forms.

A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be made into a gerund.

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is formed with to + base form of the verb.

Example: to buy, to work.

• FURTHER EXAMPLES VERBS AND GERUNDS I INFINITIVES;

a. I'll consider organizing the refreshments for our guests.

b. Sandeep has offered to welcome our visitors.

Some verbs change their meaning depending on the form of the verb that follows them . In general, the gerund is often used for an action that happens before,or at the same time as, that of the main verb. The infinitive is used todescribe an action that happens after the main verb's action. Some verbs, particularly ones that express orders orrequests, can be followed by an object and another.

MEETING 8

December 1, 2021

Hello

In this meeting, we talking about.

Example:

- Advice and suggestions

- Talking about ability

➢ SUGGESTION AND ADVICE

• SUGGESTION

Should

Example:

“You should try to practise English.”

“You shouldn’t translate too much.”

Why don’t you

Example:

“Why don’t you join an English club?”

Ought to

Example:

“You ought to read more.”

If I were you, I’d…

Example:

“If I were you, I’d watch more television.”

All these expressions are followed by a verb, without to. For example: “He should visit the Eiffel Tower.” (Not “he should to visit the Eiffel Tower.”)

For more information on using would, ought and should, see our page on modals.

suggest and recommend.

Either use a verb + ing.

Example:

“I suggest visiting the Eiffel Tower.” (We should all go.)

OR use that + a verb without to.

Example:

“I suggest that you visit the Eiffel Tower.” (I’m not going).

OR use a noun.

Example:

“I recommend the lasagne.” (It’s a very good dish to choose in this restaurant.)

➢ ADVICE

Remember the difference between the verb and the noun form of this word.

Advise (verb).

Example:

“I advise you to buy a good dictionary.” (The pronunciation is ad – vaiz)

Advice (noun).

Example:

“Can you give me some advice?” (The pronunciation is ad – vais).

Advice is an uncountable noun. This means that we can’t say an advice. Instead, we say some advice or a piece of advice.

Example:

“Let me give you some advice.”

“She gave me a very useful piece of advice: to buy a good dictionary”.

MEETING 7

December 1, 2021

Helloo

A suggestion is a proposal, piece of advice, or idea for consideration.

Suggestion is the noun form the verb suggest. Suggestion is often used with the verbs offer and make, as in the common question, Can I make a suggestion?.

In psychology, suggestion has a more specific meaning: the process in which the mere presentation of an idea to a receptive person leads to the acceptance of that idea.

Example: After explaining his new business plan, Tom told his colleagues that he was open to suggestions and other feedback.

Advice 

In this meeting, we talking about a marketing and advertising vocabulary, marketing a product, advertising and branding, advice and suggestion.

• Advertising vocabuary

Advertising is the act of drawing the public's attention to something, usually to sell it. If you want to let people know about a product, service, or candidate, you run an advertising campaign. The word advertising may also be used for the advertisements themselves or the business of creating advertisements.

• Marketing a product

Product marketing is the process of bringing a product to market. This includes deciding the product's positioning and messaging, launching the product, and ensuring salespeople and customers understand it. Product marketing aims to drive the demand and usage of the product.

• Adversiting and branding

Brand advertising is a form of advertising which helps establish connections and build strong, long term relationships with consumers over time. Companies that use brand advertising aim to get long term positive recognition. These companies establish brand identity, credibility, and loyalty with their prospects intellectually and emotionally.

• Suggestion

The definition of advice is a recommendation provided to serve as a guide to handle a situation.

An example of advice is the suggestion to avoid dating a guy with a bad reputation.

MEETING 6

December 1, 2021

Halloooo

So, at this fifth meeting, we will talk about the material Production Vacobulary, Describing  A Process, and Describing  A Product.

➢ PRODUCTION VACOBULARY

1. That car was unique. It was a one-off production for a private customer. [something that is made or produced only once].

2. The overproduction of these shirts has meant we need to lower the price. [manufacturing too much of something in relation to demand].

3. All our toys go through a process of product testing. [a process to check that goods meet certain standards].

4. We cannot begin manufacture without product approval. [a declaration that a product meets certain standards and is suitable for sale].

➢ DESCRIBING A PROCESS

The passive voice can be useful when you need to describe how a process works. It emphasizes the action rather than the person or thing doing it.

• KEY LANGUAGE: TALKING ABOUT PROCESSES WITH THE PASSIVE VOICE

1. The present simple passive is formed using "am I is I are" and the past participle. Example: Our products are designed in London.

2. The present continuous passive is formed using "am I is I are" plus "being" and the past participle. Example: The new models are being released before Christmas.

3. The present perfect passive is formed using "have I has" plus "been" and the past participle. Example: All the latest technologies have been used.

4. The past simple passive is formed using "was I were" and the past participle. Example: Our original model was sold worldwide.

5. The past continuous passive is formed using "was I were" plus "being" and the past participle. Example: We tested extensively while it was being redesigned.

6. The past perfect passive is formed using "had been" and the past participle. Example: The media had been notified before we announced the launch.

• KEY LANGUAGE: AGENTS IN THE PASSIVE VOICE

"By" can be used to show the person or thing doing the action. Example: The launch will be announced soon by our CEO.

• KEY LANGUAGE: MODALS IN THE PASSIVE VOICE

Certain modals can be used as set phrases in the passive voice to express ideas such as possibility, ability, likelihood, and obligation.

1. The importance of product testing can't be overestimated.

2. All products must be approved before leaving the factory.

3. The product must have been damaged before it was shipped.

➢ DESCRIBING A PRODUCT

• KEY LANGUAGE: ADJECTIVE ORDER

The meaning of an adjective decides its order in a sentence. Opinions come first, followed by different types of facts. Example: look at this fantastic huge plastic model!.

• KEY LANGUAGE: SPECIFIC AND GENERAL OPINIONS

General opinion adjectives always come before specific ones. General opinion adjectives can describe lots of different things. Specific opinion adjectives can only usually describe a certain type of thing. Example: What a nice, friendly new team!.

Thank you:)

MEETING 5

December 1, 2021

Hello

 So, at this fifth meeting, we will talk about the material Making Plans By Email, Keeping Clients Informed, and Informal Communication.

➢ MAKING PLANS BY EMAIL

• KEY LANGUAGE: EMAILS TO CO-WORKERS

English uses a variety of phrases to make and check plans with co-workers by email. In business emails, it is important to use polite and clear language to exchange information with co-workers. Emails to co-workers are often less formal than emails to clients or senior personnel.

Example:

To: Scott Walton

Cc: Giorgio Donati

Subject: Training session next week

Hello Scott,

Hope all's well with you. I just wanted to check that your team is coming to our training session. Will you be free next Friday at 2:30? Please see the provisional timetable attached. I'm copying Giorgio in on this. If you have any questions, please let me know.

All the best,

Linda

➢ KEEPING CLIENTS INFORMED

• KEY LANGUAGE: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Use the present continuous to inform clients about current situations and future arrangements. Continuous tenses can also soften questions and requests. English uses the present continuous to describe what's happening right now.

Example:

1.       We are aiming to give you a full progress report.

2.       We are still waiting for a part from our supplier.

3.       We are having a meeting with the IT department later today.

4.       Malik is talking to HR next week to discuss the noise issues.

➢ INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

• KEY LANGUAGE: PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs have two or more parts. They are often used in informal spoken and written English, in things such as messages and requests to co-workers. Phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by at least one particle. Most particles in phrasal verbs are prepositions, and the particle often changes the meaning of the verb.

Example: The paper in the copier has run out.

• FURTHER EXAMPLES PHRASAL VERBS

Example:

1. Could you look into fixing the coffee machine, please?

2. Welcome back! When would you like to catch up?

• FURTHER EXAMPLES SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS

1. They're giving samples of their products out.

2. Sue's sick today. Let's call the meeting off.

MEETING 4

 December 1, 2021

In this fourth meeting, 

Example:

- Money And Finance Vocabulary.

- Writing A Report.

- Making Apologies.

- Communication Technology Vocabulary 

➢ Writing A Report

 When writing a report, you may need to use different past tenses to show sequences of events. You may also need to use more formal phrasing.

• KEY LANGUAGE PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE 

English uses the past perfect and the past simple together to describe past events that occurred at different times. The past simple describes the event that is closest to the time of speaking.

➢ Making Apologies

• KEY LANGUAGE TELEPHONE APOLOGIES 

 English uses a variety of phrases for making apologies, offering  New language Present perfect continuous Aa Vocabulary Apologies alJ. New skill Apologizing on the telephone to investigate a problem, and offering explanations and solutions. You can also say "so" or "really" instead of "very " to make an apology stronger. Informal alternative to "investigate." Use this to reassure a customer that you will try to help. I've been waiting for my order to arrive all week. I'm very sorry about that.

Thank youu...